Conditional sentence ialah complex sentence (kalimat kompleks) yang terdiri dari subordinate clause berupa unreal statement (pernyataan yang tidak memiliki kemungkinan terwujud) atau hypothetical (memiliki kemungkinan terwujud) dan main clause berupa result / consequence (hasil / konsekuensi).
1. Conditional Type 1
Conditional type 1 adalah kalimat pengandaian yang digunakan ketika result / consequence(hasil) dari condition (syarat) memiliki kemungkinan untuk terwujud karena condition-nya realistik untuk dipenuhi di masa depan.
Rumus:
if + condition, result/consequence
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if + simple present, will + bare infinitive
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Atau tanpa menggunakan koma:
result/consequence + if + condition
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will + bare infinitive + if + simple present
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Example:
Kalimat
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Contoh conditional type 1 dengan koma
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Contoh conditional type 1 tanpa koma
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(+)
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If I have free time, I will go swimming.
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I will go swimming if I have free time.
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If the bell rings, I’ll go home.
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I’ll go home if the bell rings.
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(-)
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If you do not finish your homework, your teacher will be angry.
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Your teacher will be angry if you do not finish your homework.
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If he doesn’t come, I won’t be angry.
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I won’t be angry if he doesn’t come.
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Unless he comes, I will not be angry.
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I will not be angry unless he comes.
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If he comes, I won’t be angry.
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I won’t be angry if he comes.
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(?)
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If they invite you, will you come?
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Will you come if they invite you?
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2. Conditional Type 2
Conditional type 2 adalah kalimat pengandaian yang digunakan ketika result / consequence (hasil) dari condition (syarat) tidak memiliki atau hanya sedikit kemungkinan untuk terwujud karena condition-nya tidak mungkin atau sulit untuk dipenuhi di masa depan.
Rumus:
if + condition, result/consequence
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if + simple past, would/should/could/might + bare infinitive
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Rumus tanpa menggunakan koma:
result/consequence + if + condition
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would/should/could/might + bare infinitive + if + simple past
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Negatif if + condition
Rumus: if…not dapat digantikan dengan unless.
Were Menggantikan Was
Pada conditional type 2, were digunakan menggantikan was meskipun subjek yang digunakan merupakanpronoun: she, he, it, maupun kata benda tunggal. Hal ini untuk menunjukkan bahwa pengandaiannya benar-benar hanya berupa khayalan semata.
if + condition, result/consequence
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if + S + were, would/should/could/might + bare infinitive
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Example:
Kalimat
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Contoh Conditional type 2 dengan koma
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Contoh Conditional type 2 tanpa koma
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(+)
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If Nisa studied hard, she would pass.
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Nisa would pass if she studied hard.
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If I had much money, I would buy a sport car.
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I would buy a sport car if I had much money.
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If I were a millionaire, I would donate my money to charity.
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I would donate my money to charity if I were a millionaire.
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(-)
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If Nisa didn’t study hard, she wouldn’t be passed.
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Nisa wouldn’t be passed if she didn’t study hard.
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If Nisa studied hard, she wouldn’t fail.
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Nisa wouldn’t fail if she studied hard.
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If Nisa didn’t study hard, she would fail.
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Nisa would fail If she didn’t study hard.
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Unless Nisa studied hard, she would fail.
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Nisa would fail unless she studied hard.
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If I were a millionaire, I wouldn’t donate my money to charity.
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I wouldn’t donate my money to charity if I were a millionaire.
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(?)
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If Nisa didn’t study hard, would she fail?
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Would Nisa fail if she didn’t study hard?
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If I had much money, would I buy a sport car.
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Would I buy a sport car if I had much money?
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If I were a millionaire, would I donate my money to charity?
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Would I donate my money to charity If I were a millionaire?
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3. Conditional Type 3
Conditional type 3 adalah kalimat pengandaian yang digunakan ketika result / consequence(hasil) dari condition (syarat) tidak ada kemungkinan untuk terwujud karena condition-nya harus sudah dipenuhi di masa lalu.
Rumus:
if + condition, result/consequence
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if + past perfect, would/should/could/might + bare infinitive
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Rumus tanpa menggunakan koma:
result/consequence + if + condition
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would/should/could/might + bare infinitive + if + past perfect
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Example:
Kalimat
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Contoh Conditional type 3 dengan koma
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Contoh Conditional type 3 tanpa koma
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(+)
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If you had remembered to invite me, I would have attended your party.
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I would have attended your party if you had remembered to invite me.
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(-)
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If the waitress had been careful, she wouldn’t have broke many plates.
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She wouldn’t have broke many plates if the waitress had been careful.
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(?)
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If he had asked for forgiveness, would you have forgived him?
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Would you have forgived him if he had asked for forgiveness?
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